 Phenytoin
"Phenytoin" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.
| Descriptor ID |
D010672
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| MeSH Number(s) |
D03.383.129.308.432.555.730
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| Concept/Terms |
Phenytoin- Phenytoin
- Diphenylhydantoin
- Fenitoin
- 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin
Phenytoin Sodium- Phenytoin Sodium
- Sodium Diphenylhydantoinate
- Diphenylhydantoinate, Sodium
Epamin- Epamin
- Phizer Brand of Phenytoin
- Phenytoin Phizer Brand
Epanutin- Epanutin
- Pfizer Brand of Phenytoin
- Phenytoin Pfizer Brand
Dilantin- Dilantin
- Park Davis brand of Phenytoin
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Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Phenytoin".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Phenytoin".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Phenytoin" by people in this website by year, and whether "Phenytoin" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.
| Year | Major Topic | Minor Topic | Total |
|---|
| 1998 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 2004 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2009 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2012 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2020 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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Below are the most recent publications written about "Phenytoin" by people in Profiles.
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Karnes JH, Rettie AE, Somogyi AA, Huddart R, Fohner AE, Formea CM, Ta Michael Lee M, Llerena A, Whirl-Carrillo M, Klein TE, Phillips EJ, Mintzer S, Gaedigk A, Caudle KE, Callaghan JT. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2C9 and HLA-B Genotypes and Phenytoin Dosing: 2020 Update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021 02; 109(2):302-309.
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Thorn CF, Whirl-Carrillo M, Leeder JS, Klein TE, Altman RB. PharmGKB summary: phenytoin pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Jun; 22(6):466-70.
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Kassab MY, Lobeck IN, Majid A, Xie Y, Farooq MU. Blood pressure changes after intravenous fosphenytoin and levetiracetam in patients with acute cerebral symptoms. Epilepsy Res. 2009 Dec; 87(2-3):268-71.
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Lim ML, Min SS, Eron JJ, Bertz RJ, Robinson M, Gaedigk A, Kashuba AD. Coadministration of lopinavir/ritonavir and phenytoin results in two-way drug interaction through cytochrome P-450 induction. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Aug 15; 36(5):1034-40.
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Leeder JS, Lu X, Timsit Y, Gaedigk A. Non-monooxygenase cytochromes P450 as potential human autoantigens in anticonvulsant hypersensitivity reactions. Pharmacogenetics. 1998 Jun; 8(3):211-25.
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Leeder JS. Mechanisms of idiosyncratic hypersensitivity reactions to antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 1998; 39 Suppl 7:S8-16.
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Riley RJ, Smith G, Wolf CR, Cook VA, Leeder JS. Human anti-endoplasmic reticulum autoantibodies produced in aromatic anticonvulsant hypersensitivity reactions recognise rodent CYP3A proteins and a similarly regulated human P450 enzyme(s) Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Feb 26; 191(1):32-40.
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Lantos J, S?rosi I, Temes G, T?r?k B. Influence of protective drugs on the EEG during short-term transient ischaemia. Acta Physiol Hung. 1990; 75(3):217-27.
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Koren G, Lavi S, Greenwald M, Roifman C, Leeder JS, Gelfand EW, MacLeod SM. Cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of tobramycin, ceftazidime, phenobarbitone and phenytoin in a child. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1985 Jul-Aug; 10(4):371-5.
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