 Intellectual Disability
"Intellectual Disability" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)
| Descriptor ID |
D008607
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| MeSH Number(s) |
C10.597.606.643 C23.888.592.604.646 F01.700.687 F03.625.539
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| Concept/Terms |
Intellectual Disability- Intellectual Disability
- Disabilities, Intellectual
- Intellectual Disabilities
- Retardation, Mental
- Mental Retardation
- Disability, Intellectual
- Intellectual Development Disorder
- Development Disorder, Intellectual
- Development Disorders, Intellectual
- Disorder, Intellectual Development
- Disorders, Intellectual Development
- Intellectual Development Disorders
Mental Retardation, Psychosocial- Mental Retardation, Psychosocial
- Mental Retardations, Psychosocial
- Psychosocial Mental Retardation
- Psychosocial Mental Retardations
- Retardation, Psychosocial Mental
- Retardations, Psychosocial Mental
Deficiency, Mental- Deficiency, Mental
- Deficiencies, Mental
- Mental Deficiencies
- Mental Deficiency
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Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Intellectual Disability".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Intellectual Disability".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Intellectual Disability" by people in this website by year, and whether "Intellectual Disability" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.
| Year | Major Topic | Minor Topic | Total |
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| 2006 | 2 | 0 | 2 | | 2011 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2012 | 2 | 0 | 2 | | 2013 | 2 | 0 | 2 | | 2015 | 2 | 0 | 2 | | 2017 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2018 | 2 | 2 | 4 | | 2019 | 3 | 1 | 4 | | 2020 | 9 | 1 | 10 | | 2021 | 4 | 1 | 5 | | 2022 | 3 | 1 | 4 | | 2023 | 8 | 0 | 8 | | 2024 | 6 | 2 | 8 | | 2025 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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Below are the most recent publications written about "Intellectual Disability" by people in Profiles.
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Duis J, Agresta L, Bennett WE, Chambers H, Clarke A, Fairhurst C, Hoover-Fong J, Murphy F, Noritz G, Schwantes S, Shreve M, Thusang K, Weidemann D, Beale R, Mehta A, Wilhelmsen A, Summerfield N. International Expert Opinion on Standard of Care for Patients With Schinzel-Giedion Syndrome: A Modified Delphi Study. Am J Med Genet A. 2025 Jun; 197(6):e64015.
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Cali E, Quirin T, Rocca C, Efthymiou S, Riva A, Marafi D, Zaki MS, Suri M, Dominguez R, Elbendary HM, Alavi S, Abdel-Hamid MS, Morsy H, Mau-Them FT, Nizon M, Tesner P, Ryba L, Zafar F, Rana N, Saadi NW, Firoozfar Z, Gencpinar P, Unay B, Ustun C, Bruel AL, Coubes C, Stefanich J, Sezer O, Agolini E, Novelli A, Vasco G, Lettori D, Milh M, Villard L, Zeidler S, Opperman H, Strehlow V, Issa MY, El Khassab H, Chand P, Ibrahim S, Rashidi-Nezhad A, Miryounesi M, Larki P, Morrison J, Cristian I, Thiffault I, Bertsch NL, Noh GJ, Pappas J, Moran E, Marinakis NM, Traeger-Synodinos J, Hosseini S, Abbaszadegan MR, Caumes R, Vissers LELM, Neshatdoust M, Montazer Zohour M, El Fahime E, Canavati C, Kamal L, Kanaan M, Askander O, Voinova V, Levchenko O, Haider S, Halbach SS, Elias Maia R, Mansoor S, Jain V, Tawde S, Challa VSR, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Victor LA, Pinero-Banos B, Hague J, ElAwady HA, Maria de Miranda Henriques-Souza A, Cheema HA, Anjum MN, Idkaidak S, Alqarajeh F, Atawneh O, Mor-Shaked H, Harel T, Zifarelli G, Bauer P, Kok F, Kitajima JP, Monteiro F, Josahkian J, Lesca G, Chatron N, Ville D, Murphy D, Neul JL, Mullegama SV, Begtrup A, Herman I, Mitani T, Posey JE, Tay CG, Javed I, Carr L, Kanani F, Beecroft F, Hane L, Abdelkreem E, Macek M, Bispo L, Elmaksoud MA, Hashemi-Gorji F, Pehlivan D, Amor DJ, Jamra RA, Chung WK, Ghayoor Karimiani E, Campeau PM, Alkuraya FS, Pagnamenta AT, Gleeson JG, Lupski JR, Striano P, Moreno-De-Luca A, Lafontaine DLJ, Houlden H, Maroofian R. Clinical and genetic delineation of autosomal recessive and dominant ACTL6B-related developmental brain disorders. Genet Med. 2025 Apr; 27(4):101251.
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Borroto MC, Patel H, Srivastava S, Swanson LC, Keren B, Whalen S, Mignot C, Wang X, Chen Q, Rosenfeld JA, McLean S, Littlejohn RO, Emrick L, Burrage LC, Attali R, Lesca G, Acquaviva-Bourdain C, Sarret C, Seaver LH, Platzer K, Bartolomaeus T, W?nsch C, Fischer S, Rodriguez Barreto AM, Granadillo JL, Schreiner E, Brunet T, Schatz UA, Thiffault I, Mullegama SV, Michaud JL, Hamdan FF, Rossignol E, Campeau PM. Cohort Expansion and Genotype-Phenotype Analysis of RAB11A-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Pediatr Neurol. 2024 Nov; 160:45-53.
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Alstrup M, Cesca F, Krawczun-Rygmaczewska A, L?pez-Men?ndez C, Pose-Utrilla J, Castberg FC, Bjerager MO, Finnila C, Kruer MC, Bakhtiari S, Padilla-Lopez S, Manwaring L, Keren B, Afenjar A, Galatolo D, Scalise R, Santorelli FM, Shillington A, Vezain M, Martinovic J, Stevens C, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Thiffault I, Pastinen T, Baranano K, Lee A, Granadillo J, Glassford MR, Keegan CE, Matthews N, Saugier-Veber P, Iglesias T, ?stergaard E. Refining the phenotype of SINO syndrome: A comprehensive cohort report of 14 novel cases. Genet Med. 2024 Nov; 26(11):101219.
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Furia F, Levy AM, Theunis M, Bamshad MJ, Bartos MN, Bijlsma EK, Brancati F, Cejudo L, Chong JX, De Luca C, Dean SJ, Egense A, Goel H, Guenzel AJ, H?ffmeier U, Legius E, Mancini GMS, Marcos-Alcalde I, Niclass T, Planes M, Redon S, Ros-Pardo D, Rouault K, Schot R, Schuhmann S, Shen JJ, Tao AM, Thiffault I, Van Esch H, Wentzensen IM, Barakat TS, M?ller RS, Gomez-Puertas P, Chung WK, Gardella E, T?mer Z. The phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of individuals with mono- or biallelic ANK3 variants. Clin Genet. 2024 Nov; 106(5):574-584.
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Ptomey LT, Washburn RA, Lee J, Sherman JR, Rice AM, Danon JC, White DA, Szabo-Reed AN, Helsel BC, Donnelly JE. An Individual versus Parent Supported Physical Activity Intervention in Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2024 Dec 01; 56(12):2256-2266.
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Mullegama SV, Kiernan KA, Torti E, Pavlovsky E, Tilton N, Sekula A, Gao H, Alaimo JT, Engleman K, Rush ET, Blocker K, Dipple KM, Fettig VM, Hare H, Glass I, Grange DK, Griffin M, Phornphutkul C, Massingham L, Mehta L, Miller DE, Thies J, Merritt JL, Muller E, Osmond M, Sawyer SL, Slaugh R, Hickey RE, Wolf B, Choudhary S, Simonovic M, Zhang Y, Palculict TB, Telegrafi A, Carere DA, Wentzensen IM, Morrow MM, Monaghan KG, Yang J, Juusola J. De novo missense variants in exon 9 of SEPHS1 cause a neurodevelopmental condition with developmental delay, poor growth, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. Am J Hum Genet. 2024 04 04; 111(4):778-790.
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Furnier SM, Gangnon R, Daniels JL, Ellis Weismer S, Nadler C, Pazol K, Reyes NM, Rosenberg S, Rubenstein E, Wiggins LD, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Durkin MS. Racial and ethnic disparities in the co-occurrence of intellectual disability and autism: Impact of incorporating measures of adaptive functioning. Autism Res. 2024 03; 17(3):650-667.
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Paul MS, Michener SL, Pan H, Chan H, Pfliger JM, Rosenfeld JA, Lerma VC, Tran A, Longley MA, Lewis RA, Weisz-Hubshman M, Bekheirnia MR, Bekheirnia N, Massingham L, Zech M, Wagner M, Engels H, Cremer K, Mangold E, Peters S, Trautmann J, Mester JL, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Person R, McDonnell PP, Cohen SR, Lusk L, Cohen ASA, Le Pichon JB, Pastinen T, Zhou D, Engleman K, Racine C, Faivre L, Moutton S, Denomm?-Pichon AS, Koh HY, Poduri A, Bolton J, Knopp C, Julia Suh DS, Maier A, Toosi MB, Karimiani EG, Maroofian R, Schaefer GB, Ramakumaran V, Vasudevan P, Prasad C, Osmond M, Schuhmann S, Vasileiou G, Russ-Hall S, Scheffer IE, Carvill GL, Mefford H, Bacino CA, Lee BH, Chao HT. A syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by rare variants in PPFIA3. Am J Hum Genet. 2024 01 04; 111(1):96-118.
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Liu Z, Xin B, Smith IN, Sency V, Szekely J, Alkelai A, Shuldiner A, Efthymiou S, Rajabi F, Coury S, Brownstein CA, Rudnik-Sch?neborn S, Bruel AL, Thevenon J, Zeidler S, Jayakar P, Schmidt A, Cremer K, Engels H, Peters SO, Zaki MS, Duan R, Zhu C, Xu Y, Gao C, Sepulveda-Morales T, Maroofian R, Alkhawaja IA, Khawaja M, Alhalasah H, Houlden H, Madden JA, Turchetti V, Marafi D, Agrawal PB, Schatz U, Rotenberg A, Rotenberg J, Mancini GMS, Bakhtiari S, Kruer M, Thiffault I, Hirsch S, Hempel M, St?hn LG, Haack TB, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Lee H, Sarn NB, Eng C, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Zhang B, Wang H. Hemizygous variants in protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3F (PPP1R3F) are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability and autistic features. Hum Mol Genet. 2023 10 04; 32(20):2981-2995.
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